# Knowledge base: Warsaw University of Technology

Back

## System ekspertowy do oceny przepływów i strat ciśnienia w układzie dystrybucji wody

### Andrzej Czapczuk

#### Abstract

Water supply systems are complex engineering systems, which have a diverse role in the functioning of all the systems. The most important element is certainly the water distribution system. Therefore, distribution system design requires many calculations and analyses aimed at achieving the best solution. The main task of the calculation is to determine the flow rates through pipes, to determine pressure losses, height of tanks, pressure required in the flow and pressure in the individual nodes of the network. Proper completion of the calculation requires a careful evaluation of the results and the accuracy of the solutions. Audit of the results of calculations issue is difficult to present in the algorithmic form, mainly because it is based on experience and knowledge of the designer. Great support in the implementation of these tasks is expert systems. In this paper, numerical experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the method of engineering knowledge in the form of inductive inference and expert systems can be used to support hydraulic calculation of water distribution systems. The paper addressed two problems occurring in the calculation of water distribution systems. The first concerns the evaluation of the pressure loss in calculation sections, which indirectly relates to the selection of pipe diameters, lengths of lines and absolute roughness coefficient. The second is to evaluate the flow of the water pipes, which is associated with flow rate, but also the replacement of the water in the pipes, particularly on the end sections of the water supply network. To evaluate the results of the calculation decision classes were defined, that describe the problems associated with pressure losses in the pipes and the class relating to the flow. At the stage of writing the paper, two sets of examples were created, in accordance with the principle of machine learning with a teacher. Expert system rules were established, using the induction technique of C4.5 decision tree generating method. The different structures of decision trees were analysed. For the assessment of the pressure loss 27 complex decision rules were obtained, and for the assessment of the flows 17 complex decision rules were generated. On the basis of the generated rules, the expert system evaluates a set of hydraulic calculations by choosing one of the classes of decision-making. The system accepts a solution or indicates the need to adjust it with the relevant recommendations. The verification of rules and the method of application were shown in three examples of calculation of water distribution systems.
Record ID
WUT4ef9c924b162482aacb8d46f67d4a515
Diploma type
Doctor of Philosophy
Author
Andrzej Czapczuk Andrzej Czapczuk,, Undefined Affiliation
Title in Polish
System ekspertowy do oceny przepływów i strat ciśnienia w układzie dystrybucji wody
Language
(pl) Polish
Certifying Unit
Faculty of Environmental Engineering (FEE)
Discipline
environmental engineering / (technology domain) / (technological sciences)
Status
Finished
Start date
23-11-2010
Defense Date
25-09-2014
Title date
21-10-2014
Supervisor
Stanisław Biedugnis Stanisław Biedugnis,, Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment (FEE/DWSWT)Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering (FEE)
Internal reviewers
External reviewers
Jacek Piekarski Jacek Piekarski,, Undefined Affiliation
Pages
131
Keywords in English
water distribution system, hydraulic calculations, expert system, inductive inference, decision trees
Abstract in English
Water supply systems are complex engineering systems, which have a diverse role in the functioning of all the systems. The most important element is certainly the water distribution system. Therefore, distribution system design requires many calculations and analyses aimed at achieving the best solution. The main task of the calculation is to determine the flow rates through pipes, to determine pressure losses, height of tanks, pressure required in the flow and pressure in the individual nodes of the network. Proper completion of the calculation requires a careful evaluation of the results and the accuracy of the solutions. Audit of the results of calculations issue is difficult to present in the algorithmic form, mainly because it is based on experience and knowledge of the designer. Great support in the implementation of these tasks is expert systems. In this paper, numerical experiments were conducted to demonstrate that the method of engineering knowledge in the form of inductive inference and expert systems can be used to support hydraulic calculation of water distribution systems. The paper addressed two problems occurring in the calculation of water distribution systems. The first concerns the evaluation of the pressure loss in calculation sections, which indirectly relates to the selection of pipe diameters, lengths of lines and absolute roughness coefficient. The second is to evaluate the flow of the water pipes, which is associated with flow rate, but also the replacement of the water in the pipes, particularly on the end sections of the water supply network. To evaluate the results of the calculation decision classes were defined, that describe the problems associated with pressure losses in the pipes and the class relating to the flow. At the stage of writing the paper, two sets of examples were created, in accordance with the principle of machine learning with a teacher. Expert system rules were established, using the induction technique of C4.5 decision tree generating method. The different structures of decision trees were analysed. For the assessment of the pressure loss 27 complex decision rules were obtained, and for the assessment of the flows 17 complex decision rules were generated. On the basis of the generated rules, the expert system evaluates a set of hydraulic calculations by choosing one of the classes of decision-making. The system accepts a solution or indicates the need to adjust it with the relevant recommendations. The verification of rules and the method of application were shown in three examples of calculation of water distribution systems.
Thesis file
• File: 1
Czapczuk.pdf
Request a WCAG compliant version
Citation count
2

Uniform Resource Identifier
https://repo.pw.edu.pl/info/phd/WUT4ef9c924b162482aacb8d46f67d4a515/
URN
urn:pw-repo:WUT4ef9c924b162482aacb8d46f67d4a515

Confirmation
Are you sure?