• Maria Brykowska Maria Brykowska Wydział Architektury (WA)

Gardzienice is located south of Lublin, near the town of Piaski (formerly Piaski Luterskie). The village and manor house/palace, together with its garden and grange, is located on an escarpment of the River Giełczew. It belonged to illustrious noble and magnate families. The impulse to take up this topic was a survey and description of the residence from 1922 as well as drawings found in the ZAP collections made under the supervision of Oskar Sosnowski in 1935. The author developed the history of the residential complex and its architecture over the years 2005–2006 on the basis of published sources (including by Adam Soćko) and analysis of the iconography, grounds, and walls of the palace. However, it was not until field research conducted by the author and archeologist Łukasz Rejniewicz, with the participation of the Studio Cempla and Partners of Cracow (2009) and Krzysztof Janus (2011–2013), that unknown walls were discovered and it became possible to write the new history of the manor house/palace in Gardzienice. 1. MANOR HOUSE/FORTALICE IN THE 16TH TO MID–17TH CENTURIES Archeological research confirmed settlement between the 14th–15th centuries. However, the oldest discovered manor house walls in the core of the palace are dated from the second half of 16th century. Undoubtedly, it was at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries that two towers on retaining walls on the escarpment side were added to the single–story tripartite manor house and tied together by a curtain wall. Subsequently, the interior (the vaulting) and the rest of the volume of the manor house was completed, including the Mannerist gable end, known as the Arian Chapel (ca. 1627). It is probable that from among the many owners of the village of Gardzienice it was the Suchodolskis who started erecting the masonry manor house, the Snopkowskis expanded it into a fortalice, and it was completed by the Spinkows and Suchodolskis—Arians. An annex building with the kitchens was built next to the manor house and the complex was surrounded by a wall with embrasures. 2. BAROQUE PALACE (FROM THE 4TH QUARTER OF THE 17TH AND THE 18TH CENTURY) In the wake of destruction in 1648 and 1656, construction of a two–storey palace was commenced in 1680 through the initiative of Stanisław S. Czarniecki. The works made use of the surviving walls of the manor house. Endowed by Michał Potocki, Starost of Krasnystaw and of the voivodeship of Volhynia, his son Feliks, and his granddaughter’s husband, Józef B. Mączyński, the palace was built in stages over the years 1689–1787 (without the northern wing). With its axial garden and annex buildings, the palace in Gardzienice was, in many of its elements, reminiscent of both the palaces designed by Tylman van Gameren and the Late Baroque palaces in the Lublin Voivodeship. 3. RENOVATIONS AND CONVERSION OF THE PALACE INTO A GRANARY IN THE 19TH CENTURY Following the fire in 1802, Ignacy Mączyński (up to 1809) and subsequently Adam Siedliski, heirs to the property, renovated the palace to include a warehousing section. Józef K. Lamański, the new owner as of 1840, covered the palace with a new roof (pre–1849), transformed the palace into a granary, and reorganized the land around it. Starting with 1865, Stefan Cześniak, from 1873 Franciszek Kleniewski, and from 1893 August Iwański, used the palace for commercial purposes and expanded the grange facilities (managed by the author’s ancestor). 4. THE PALACE IN THE 1ST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY Starting with 1903, Jan S. Iwański, the heir to the property, renovated the palace converting it into a residence. Władysław Głogowski, the owner as of 1919, completed the work. The state of the palace was documented in the mentioned drawings from collections of the ZAP. Currently, following revitalization in line with indications stemming from the recent research, it is known throughout Poland and abroad as the Gardzienice Center for Theater Practices.

Słowa kluczowe

manor house, fortalice, palace, Lublin region, Gardzienice, architectural and archeological research, collections of the ZAP Department of Polish Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Warsaw University of Technology